Irregular Warfare, Hybrid Threats, and the Future Role of Ground Forces
Traditional threats are posed by states using recognized military capabilities and forces in comprehended forms of military campaign and conflict. Irregular threats are posed by an adversary employing unconventional, asymmetric methods and means to counter traditional U.S. advantages. These methods and means can include such means of irregular warfare as terrorism, insurgency and guerrilla war-fare, and can accompany economic, political, informational and cultural means as well. Catastrophic threats involve the acquisition, possession and use of nuclear, biological, chemical and radiological weapons – weapons of mass destruction (WMA). Disruptive threats involve an enemy using or developing new, breakthrough technolo-gies to reduce U.S. advantages. In war, a state actor will generally match available means—defined by a portion of gross domestic product matched to technological capability—to projected political end-states—contingency requirements planned against potential ad...